Introduction
Information sheet block body
Water pipe are any pipe or hoses designed to transport drinking water to consumers. Whether water is treated before distribution or at the point of use (POU) depends on the context. In well-planned and designed water distribution networks, water is usually treatead and sometimes chlorinated before distribution to prevent contamination on the way to the end-user. Water pipe variants include large-diameter pipelines that supply entire cities, smaller branches that supply a street or group of buildings, or small pipelines that have a diameter within individual buildings. Water pipes can range in size from giant pipes up to 3.65 m in diameter to small 12.7 mm diameter pipes used to house individual exits from a building. Materials commonly used for the manufacture of water pipes are polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast iron, copper, steel, and in older systems concrete or blasted clay. The connection of individual lengths of water pipes into complete extended routes is possible by means of flanged, nipple, pressure, or soldered joints. Sprinkler Irrigation system
Pipe types
Information sheet block body
The tubes come in many shapes and sizes. They can be divided into three main categories: metal pipes, cement pipes and plastic pipes. Metal pipes include steel pipes, galvanized iron pipes and cast iron pipes. Cement pipes include asbestos cement pipes and asbestos cement pipes. Plastic pipes include softened polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes (LEE n.y.).
Steel pipe
Steel pipes are relatively expensive, but they are the strongest and most durable of all water pipes. They can withstand high water pressures, come in suitable (higher) lengths than most other pipes, and therefore have lower installation / transport costs. They can also be easily welded. Galvanized steel or iron pipes
Galvanized steel or iron is a traditional pipe material in the pipe industry for transporting water and waste. Although it is still used in the world, its popularity is declining. It is problematic to use galvanized steel or iron as a transport for drinking water, where the water flow is slow or static for some time because the rust causes internal corrosion. Galvanized steels, such as iron pipes, can also cause an unpleasant taste and odor to water that is transported under hazardous conditions.
Steel pipes
Steel pipes are strong and very suitable for high water pressure. However, steel pipes are heavy and therefore not suitable for inaccessible areas due to transport problems. In addition, due to their weight, they are often supplied in short lengths, which increases installation and connection costs.
Cast iron pipe, strong and heavy.Source
Concrete cement and asbestos cement pipes
Concrete cement pipes are expensive but not harmful to the environment. Their advantage is that they are extremely strong and durable. However, because it is large and heavy, it is more difficult and expensive to handle, install and transport.
Softened polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe
PVC pipes are non-destructive, extremely light, and therefore easy to handle and carry. However, they are durable and long-lasting, which reduces installation / transport costs. However, they can easily be physically damaged when exposed to soil and become brittle when exposed to ultraviolet light. In addition to the problems associated with expansion and preservation, PVC material softens and deforms when exposed to temperatures above 65 ° C (WHO 2006).
Cost considerations
Information sheet block body
Installation costs make up a large part of the total project costs. Differences in actual profit costs do not significantly change the total cost of the project. However, the following factors need to be taken into account when it comes to the cost of installing and selecting piping:
Tube weight:
A tube that is light in weight can be lighter and faster.
Easy installation: Plug-in connections can be assembled faster than screw connections.
Pipe strength: If one type of pipe requires a special bed to withstand external pressure while the other pipe does not, the selection may affect installation costs.
Health aspects
Information sheet block body
The drip distribution system increases the possibility that safe water leaves a source or treatment plant that may be contaminated before it reaches the consumer. In addition, a leak can lead to significant water loss for the end user (see also leak checklist). The distribution system must be designed, managed, and maintained to ensure a minimum level of leakage. The internal line pressure must always be greater than the external hydrostatic pressure. This ensures a water supply that reduces leakage and overgrowth of pathogenic microorganisms.
Residual chlorine
The level of free residual chlorine or chloramine-based disinfectant can reduce the risk of recontamination in the distribution system (see also chlorination). The inflow of contaminated water during distribution is a major source of water-borne pathogens and thus the cause of water-borne diseases. Water pipes usually made of copper. And bathtubs can make of copper-containing alloys (brass, bronze). United States. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a maximum pollution level (MCLG) for copper in public drinking water systems of 1,300 parts per billion (ppb). MCLGs not enforce health standards for drinking water.
Main source of copper
The main source of copper in drinking water comes from leaching copper from pipes and bathrooms through corrosive (acidic) water. A blue-green stain on some bathrooms is a sign of copper in the water. Too much copper usually enters the drinking water by leaching into the piping system into the water that is in the piping for several hours. Therefore, running water for 30 to 60 seconds before using it for drinking or cooking can usually lower copper levels.
Application
Water pipes needed almost everywhere. Especially in drinking water distribution systems. The strongest and most durable type of water pipe probably make of cement. Due to their large weight, their installation demanding and expensive. PVC pipes easier to install and lighter. Making them particularly suitable for remote areas that are difficult to access.
Transport treated drinking water
Water pipes are any pipes or hoses designed to transport treated drinking water to consumers. Variants include large-diameter main pipelines that supply the entire city, smaller side pipelines that supply the street or group of buildings, or small-diameter pipelines that lie in individual buildings. Materials commonly use for the manufacture of water pipes cast iron. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), copper, steel, or concrete.
Advantage
Water can transfer by gravity
Water quality maintain(compared to canals)
Disadvantages
High initial investment
Expensive operation and maintenance
Risk of recontamination
Risk of water loss due to leakage
How does he get out of the capital?
Each building connected to city water has its own water supply. The main line of your home is probably near the edge of your property. Your water tree will receive pressurized water directly from the pumping stations that send it through this line. The pressure applied to the water by the pumps gives the city water enough energy to travel into it. If you live far from water pumps in the city, you may experience low water pressure. This is because the pressure and momentum supplied by the pumps partially disappear before it reaches your waterline. If your home has consistently low water pressure, professionals can install a pump in your main water supply that pressurizes the water enough to surround your home.
How does the water get into my pipe?
After entering your water fountain, the water will pass through a large pipe into the house. This pipe, called a water pipe or inlet, supplies water from the main pipe to your home. And will lead from the ground directly to the house. The supply lines usually made of plastic. Galvanize steel or copper.
Read more: Top 4 Signs That Tell You Should Get Solar Panels On Your Roof
