Transformers
Drives are also called AC Drives or VFD (Variable Frequency Drives). These are electronic devices that can convert DC (direct current) to alternating current (AC). He is also responsible for controlling the speed and torque of the electric motors.Electrical Transformers
Electric motors
Electric motors found in most appliances we use at work, such as small electronics, transportation, and office supplies. These motors need electricity to run. To avoid wasting energy. It important that the engine speed matches the require process. In factories. Wasting energy and materials can jeopardize business. So inverters used to control electric motors, increase productivity and save energy.
Technology behind power conversion and engine control
The AC drive operates between the power supply and the electric motor. The power supply goes to the AC drive and controls it. The regulated power is immediately sent to the motor. The AC drive consists of a rectifier unit, a DC link, and an inverted conversion circuit. The rectifier unit in the inverter can be unidirectional or bidirectional. The former can accelerate and drive the motor by taking power from the mains.
Mechanical rotational energy
Bidirectional right can extract mechanical rotational energy from the motor and send it back to the electrical system. The DC circuit will store electricity for the reverse conversion unit to be used. Before the motor receives the regulated power, it goes through an AC-driven process. The input power is fed to the rectifier unit and the AC voltage is converted to DC voltage. The DC link adjusts the DC voltage. It then passes through the reverse conversion circuit to convert the DC voltage back to AC voltage.
Allows the AC
This process allows the AC drive to adjust the frequency and voltage by adjusting the motor to suit the needs of the process. The motor speed increases when the output voltage is at a higher frequency. This means that the engine speed can be controlled via the operator interface.
Benefits
1. Energy saving
Fan and pump applications can greatly benefit from AC drives. In addition to shock absorbers and on / off controls. The use of an AC drive can reduce energy consumption by 20 to 50 percent by controlling engine speed. This is equivalent to reducing the speed of a car. Instead of using pauses, the car’s speed can be reduced by slowly depressing the accelerator pedal.
2. Soft starters
The AC drive starts the motor by supplying low frequency power. Gradually increases the frequency and speed of the motor until the required speed is reached. Operators can adjust acceleration and deceleration at any time, which is great for escalators and conveyor belts to prevent the load from coming loose.
Managed From now on
Seven to eight times the full charge current of the AC motor is required to start the motor. The AC drive reduces the starting current, which results in less motor return, and this extends the life of the motor.
4. Reduce power line interference
Starting an AC motor over a line can insert a large channel into the power distribution system, causing a voltage drop. Sensitive devices such as computers and sensors are abandoned when a large engine starts. The AC drive eliminates this voltage drop by disconnecting the motor power supply instead of an accident.
5. Quickly change the direction of rotation
AC drives can handle constant starting and stopping. Only a small amount of current is required to change the direction of rotation after changing the rotation command. Rack mixers can produce the right power as the direction of rotation and the speed can be controlled by an inverter drive.
6. Easy installation
AC drives are pre-programmed. Power supply for control of valves, communication lines and motor lines, as already involved in production. The supplier simply has to connect the line to the power source that will power the AC drive. 7. Adjustable torque limit
AC drives can protect motors from damage by proper torque control. For example, if the motor jams, the motor will continue to rotate until the overload device opens. The AC drive can be set to limit the amount of torque used by the motor to prevent the torque limit from being exceeded.
8. Remove the mechanical components of the drive
The AC drive can provide the short or high speed required by charging without increasing the speed or decreasing the gears and gearboxes. This saves maintenance costs and floor space requirements.
Transformr: Low and medium voltage
AC converters are classified as low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV). Many factors need to be considered when purchasing AC drives.
The LV drive has an output of 240 to 600 volts AC (VAC). They are often used in conveyor belts, compressors, and pumps. Because LV drives cause less motor stress, little maintenance is required. It also consumes very little energy. The LV converter produces high frequency and better motor performance at low voltage, thus reducing production costs.
At the bottom, low voltage generates more current. When LV drives use with high power (HP) motors. They can generate more heat and increase the room temperature. More energy means more heat produced. Valves and additional air conditioning must install.
Large and multi-megawatt electric motors in power plants and metalworking plants use MV drives. They have an output of 4160 VAC, but can be up to 69,000 VAC. They need a high input voltage to achieve a high output voltage. In terms of cost, MV drives increasingly require more expensive circuit breakers and transformers. Compared to LV disks, they are physically larger. MV drives also undergo regular maintenance under the supervision of an OEM engineer. Unlike LV drives, which can repair by the electrical equipment maintenance team itself.
5 main causes of transformers quality problems
Loose connections – Long-term vibrations can weaken the connections of electrical transformers. Unattended will result in excessive moaning and excessive heat.
transformers: Excessive harmonics
– Higher temperatures at the neutral end may indicate the presence of harmonics. According to IEEE 519, the total harmonic distortion of the voltage should be less than 5% for systems below 69 kV. The total deformation of the current requirement should also be less than 5% depending on the size of the source with respect to the load. Excessive harmonics in the third or fifth level often lead to interference by electronic charges.
Unbalanced
When you compare the temperatures of the ends and coils with a thermal imager. The higher temperature in the phase may seem unbalanced. When troubleshooting an energy quality analyzer, compare the current at each stage because the maximum balance voltage is normally 2%. This means that the voltage in one phase should not differ by more than 2% on average of three phases. The most common cause of imbalance is a change in load configuration, making it easy to map your overall device distribution system.
Overload
If the temperature higher than expect. And the unit not exposed to direct sunlight. Then there is probably an overload and cooling problem. Compare kVA, voltage, and current with the transformers nameplate. If the power consumption is higher than the type plate, there is probably an overload. When inspecting the transformer. Use the temperature as a manual to control for excessive radiant heat and be careful for slight insulation against overheating. These two good signs. That you should check the power quality. Be sure to report time data using a robust energy quality analyzer. It is important to establish baselines. Because most power quality issues are rather intermittent.
Cooling problems – Common cooling causes clogged oil circuits or cooling fan failures.
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