Punch Press Machine: definitions, parts, types, jobs, benefits, applications
What does Punch Press Machine mean?
The punch press uses its transfer structure to produce precise pressure and kinetic energy near the bottom dead center with the die, which leads to plastic deformation of the workpiece according to the desired shape. Power press
The punching press is used when the raw material is very difficult to cut by hand. The manufacturer can then use a punch press.
The principle of operation of the punching press consists in the conversion of a circular motion into a rectilinear motion. It can run small and manual or it can be a large CNC controlled machine.
Parts as a punch press construction:
The following different components of a punch press are:
Katre base
Frame
rum
Pitman
Drive mechanism
Control mechanism
Flywheel
Brake a
Support plate
Base or bed:
The base or bed is the lower part of the frame and one of the most important parts of the punching press, as it provides support for the dies to hold the workpiece and the various control mechanisms of the press.
The size of workpiece you can work with depends on the size of the base. In some rare cases, the bed has a tilting mechanism for the frame.
Frame:
The frame is responsible for supporting the design of the press. Provides support for the ram drive mechanism and control mechanism.
The frame is divided into two parts, the upper part known as the crown and the lower part known as the bed.
Frame:
This is the main part of the press operator because it works directly on the workpiece. The ram moves up and down between its tracks with a predetermined length and stroke force.
This up and down movement is known as a stroke. The crown has an electrical mechanism or motor that supports the movement of the sheep up and down.
You can adjust the stroke length and force of the ram as required. The punch is attached to the bottom of the ram. Pitman:
The pitman is the part that connects the ram and the crankshaft.
Drive mechanism:
It uses a crankshaft and an eccentric mechanism to drive the ram by transmitting power from the engine to the ram.
Control mechanism:
Used to operate the press under calculated control conditions. The control mechanism adjusts two mechanisms, namely the length of the ram stroke and the force of the ram stroke.
On-load shifting can be removed using a clutch connected to the drive system. Today, microprocessors are used to monitor the operation of machines. These presses provide reliable and accurate automation control.
Flywheel:
It is the energy storage of the press. It is responsible for maintaining a constant ram speed and preventing fluctuations.
brakes:
Brakes are the most important part of any mobile system because they help prevent accidents. This engine usually uses two brakes, a standard brake that immediately applies the drive shaft by releasing the flywheel.
And at the foot of each engine is a nut. It usually involves faster braking with a switch.
Support plate:
It is a thick plate attached to the base of the press to clamp the bottom of the die.
Types of punching presses:
The punching press is divided into two classes:
By driver type and
Rider movement. According to the type of drive:
It is divided into four types:
Flywheel drive
Mechanical control
Hydraulic drive en
Servo drive
Flywheel drive:
Today, most punch presses are hydraulically driven, but in the old days a heavy, constantly rotating flywheel supplied the power of the ram.
With the pitman’s arm, the ram drives the flywheel. In the 19th century, aircraft wheels were powered by a leather drive belt attached to the asline. In modern operation, an electric motor is used to drive the punching machine.
Mechanical drive:
These are the most used punching presses. There are two types of mechanical punch presses based on the clutch or brake system that holds. Typically, old presses are full speed presses that require complete crankshaft rotation to stop operation.
Full speed clutch presses dangerous and are prohibited in many countries if the clutch is not fully secured. A set of raised keys or dogs is responsible for stopping a ram.
The full speed of the press can stop the ram at top dead center. Newer presses are half or partial speed presses with a braking system similar to commercial trucks.
The use of a stop mechanism reduces air, which can close the clutch system and open the brake system, leading to an effective stop of the ram at any point of its rotation.
Hydraulic punching press:
These punching presses use a hydraulic cylinder instead of a flywheel to drive the ram. And controlled by a fan or feedback and a fan. These press-operated valves perform a lift operation, which means that the ram will move up and down as instructed. The controlled feedback system improves punching speed and provides better control of the ram, and the ram can now operate in a short-stroke window.
Servo Drive Turret Punch Press:
In this system, the original brake and clutch technology is integrated with a piston-driven hydraulic system. This reduces operating costs and improves reliability and performance. This system has lower maintenance costs because it has no hydraulics or oil cooler. If the turret press is equipped with state-of-the-art technology that saves and reuses the energy generated by the ramp delay, it will help save electricity. According to the rider’s movement:
It divides punching presses into three types of single-acting, double-acting, three-acting, but the most commonly used is a single-acting punching press. Double and triple actions are often used to make car bodies and large parts.
The principle of operation of the punching press:
The punch press controls the main transmission mechanism, which converts the rotary motion into a linear motion.
The main motor provides power to drive the flywheel.
With the clutch and connecting rods, the flywheel drives a crankshaft or an eccentric transmission. To convert circular motion to linear motion. A switching point is required between the driver and the connecting rods.
There are two types of designs for converting circular motion to linear motion, one is the spherical type. And the second is the pin or cylinder type.
During operation, the drive mechanism moves the rams up and down. This action opens and closes the upper jaw and lower jaw.
During the operation, a sheet of metal strip passes between the dies.
Finally, when the punch (ram on the die) slides down, glue the sheet metal and cut a hole.
The insulated part falls out of the die opening.
Video work with Punch Press Machine:
Advantages of the punching press:
The punching press has the following advantages:
Robust and high precision: Punch press equipment, such as crankshaft, gear, ram make of high temperature, which cures the equipment. And provides strength and high resistance to wear and tear. Reliable and safe operation: These machines have two types of brakes, one is normal and the other is emergency, which helps to stop the engine in an emergency. Now, as technology advances, these machines have advanced sensors that ensure safe operation.
High productivity, reduced manpower and automatic production: This machine ensures higher productivity and reduces manual work results, which reduces costs and increases efficiency. Now with the advancement of technology, this machine has a fully automatic process that requires no manual labor.
